Возбуждать/возбудить

by Don  

I'm in Kazan with a group of students. Many of them are in host families. Americans are very communicative, so before the program began, one of our students sent a message to her host father to say that she was excited and looking forward to meeting them. She wrote:

Я очень возбуждена и спешу встретиться с вами.

Now that's pretty damn amusing. The word she chose for ‘excited’ means excited when the appetite is excited by exercise or a solar cell is excited to stimulate the emission of electrons by photons. But when applied to humans it can mean ‘sexually excited.’ The word she chose to for ‘to look forward to’ also means ‘to be in a hurry.’ So in effect the good-hearted girl had written:

I am very aroused and rushing to meet you.

Our resident director clarified the situation to the host father...

The verb ‘to stimulate; excite; arouse’ in Russian is возбуждать/возбудить. It conjugates like this:

Imperfective Perfective
Infinitive возбуждать возбудить
Past возбуждал
возбуждала
возбуждало
возбуждали
возбудил
возбудила
возбудило
возбудили
Present возбуждаю
возбуждаешь
возбуждает
возбуждаем
возбуждаете
возбуждают
No such thing as
perfective present
in Russian.
Future буду возбуждать
будешь возбуждать
будет возбуждать
будем возбуждать
будете возбуждать
будут возбуждать
возбужу
возбудишь
возбудит
возбудим
возбудите
возбудят
Imperative возбуждай(те) возбуди(те)

This word can be used when one's appetite or thirst or curiosity or surprise are aroused:

Спорт возбуждает аппетит. Sports stimulate the appetite.
Жара возбуждает жажду. Hot weather arouses thirst.
Это замечание возбудило моё удивление. That comment surprised me.
(Lit., That comment stimulated my surprise.
Этот вопрос возбудил моё любопытство. The questions aroused my curiousity.

I suppose I must give at least one sexual example:

Клубника возбуждает сексуальные желания. Так и есть! Сама проверила! (source) Strawberries stimulate sexual desires. It's true! I verified it myself!

От (часть третья)

by Don  

The preposition от is often used with the word лекарство ‘medicine’ to indicate the condition which the medicine is used to treat. It is always used with the gentive case.

— Ой, я уже восьмой день страдаю поносом.
— Тебе нужно лекарство от лямблиоза.
“Oh, I have been suffering from diarrhea for eight days now.”
“You need giardia medicine.”
— Где можно купить лекарство от аллергии?
— В любой аптеке.
“Where can I buy allergy medication?”
“At any pharmacy.”
— Что производит фирма «Новартис»?
— Она производит лекарства от разных болезней, например от паркинсонизма и болезни Альцгеймера.
“What does the Novartis company produce?”
“It produces medicine to treat various diseases, for instance Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.”
— Мне нужен... фу, как называется лекарство от головной боли?
— Героин.
— Что за глупость? Я имею в виду самое обыкновенное лекарство.
— Водка.
— Ты что. Водка головную боль причиняет, не лечит.
— Угу, ты наверно думаешь об аспирине.
— Точно. Мне нужен аспирин.
“I need... Crud. What do you call the medicine that treats headaches?”
“Heroin.”
“Don't be an idiot. I have in mind the most common medicine.”
“Vodka.”
“Come on. Vodka causes headaches. It doesn't cure them.”
“Uh-huh, you probably are thinking about aspirin.”
“Exactly. I need aspirin.”

От (часть вторая)

by Don  

The preposition от often means ‘from’ in the sense of ‘due to a negative cause’, and it is always used with the genitive case.

Он умер от инфаркта. He died of a heart attack.
Франция страдает от штормов и наводнений. (source) France is suffering from storms and floods.
Не могу спать от тревоги. I can't sleep due to anxiety.
Дима Билан чуть не потерял зрение от яркого света софитов. (story) Dima Bilan nearly lost his vision because of the bright floodlights.

От (часть первая)

by Don  

The preposition от often means from, and it is always used with the genitive case. Specifically if you are coming from seeing someone, then you can use от:

— Откуда ты идёшь?
— От декана.
“Where are you coming from?”
“From seeing the dean.”
— Откуда ты идёшь?
— От Бори.
“Where are you coming from?”
“From Boris's place.”
Когда я вернулся от зубного врача, я сразу же выпил две таблетки кодеина. When I got back from the dentist's office, I immediately took two codeine pills.
Когда вернёшься от бабушки, не забудь поставить кастрюлю в печь на малый огонь. When you get back from Grandma's place, don't forget to put the casserole in the oven on low.

Этот

by Don  

The Russian word этот is a demonstrative adjective that can be translated as this/that/these/those, depending on the context. (For a discussion of the this/that distinction, see the entry on тот.) It declines like this:

Masc Neut Fem Pl
Nom этот это эта эти
Acc * эту *
Gen этого этой этих
Pre этом
Dat этому этим
Ins этим этими

For first- and second-year Russian students, I call this word ‘changing это’ because it changes it's ending for case, number and gender. Beginners often confuse it with ‘unchanging это’; for discussion of the distinction, see this blog entry.

— Что ты читаешь?
— Анну Каренину.
— Ох, как я люблю эту книгу!
“What are you reading?”
“Anna Karenina.”
“Oh, I love that book so much!”
— Кто живёт в этом доме?
— Откуда мне знать?
“Who lives in that house?”
“How should I know?”
Эти упражнения очень трудные. These exercises are really difficult.
Ты давно работаешь с этими людьми? Have you been working with these people for a long time?

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