К (motion)

by Don  

The Russians also use the preposition к to mean “to” in the sense of “to someone's home/place.” К becomes ко before certain words, most particularly in the phrase «ко мне».

— Где ты был?
— Я ходил к Тане.
“Where were you?”
“I went to Tanya's place.”
Я быстренько зайду к Ивановым за сумкой. I'm going to take a quick run over to the Ivanovs' to get my purse.
Вечерами по вторникам Зоя и Боря ходили ко мне заниматься. On Tuesday evenings Zoya and Borya would come to my place to study.
Саш, отнеси эти грибы к бабушке. Sasha, take these mushrooms to Grandmother's place.
Маш, пойди к дядя Коле и попроси у него отвёртку. Masha, go to Uncle Kolya's and ask him for a screwdriver.
Иди к чёрту! Go to the devil!

That last sentence, of course, is rude. It has about the same emotional punch as “Go to hell” does in English.

У (location)

by Don  

The Russians also use the preposition у to mean “at” in the sense of “at someone's home/place.” In this sense it is similar to chez in French.

— Где ты был?
— У Тани.
“Where were you?”
“At Tanya's place.”
Завтра мы будем ужинать у Ивановых. Tomorrow we are having dinner at the Ivanovs.
Давай заниматься завтра вечером у тебя. Let's study at your place tomorrow evening.

Actually the meaning of у is a bit broader. It can also mean a person's office or workplace:

— Где ты была?
— У декана.
“Where were you?”
“At the dean's office.”
Мы провели всё утро у врача. We spent the entire morning at the doctor's office.

Делать/сделать

by Don  

Let's think about the verb делать/сделать. The nice thing about this verb is that it is completely regular: it has no irregular endings whatsoever.

to do; to make
Imperfective Perfective
Infinitive делать сделать
Past делал
делала
делало
делали
сделал
сделала
сделало
сделали
Present делаю
делаешь
делает
делаем
делаете
делают
No such thing as
perfective present
in Russian.
Future буду делать
будешь делать
будет делать
будем делать
будете делать
будут делать
сделаю
сделаешь
сделает
сделаем
сделаете
сделают
Imperative делай(те) сделай(те)

The first meaning of the verb is “to do.” It can bear this meaning in any tense:

Что ты делаешь? What are you doing?
Что ты вчера делала? What did you do yesterday?
Что ты завтра будешь делать? What are you going to do tomorrow?

Actually, the question in the past tense can be said either in the perfective or the imperfective, although they don't mean quite the same thing. Remember that the perfective is used when the focus of the question is on the result of an action, and the imperfective is used if result is not particulary in focus. So, for instance, let's say you walk into a room and see your beloved for the first time in two days and you want to know what s/he did the day before. That context does not focus particularly on result, so you use the imperfective verb and ask «Что ты вчера делал(а)?» “What did you do yesterday?” In response you will hear some vapid comment about window shopping and visiting relatives. But if, for instance, you walk into a room bespattered with blood and there is a corpse lying on the floor with a grimace on its face and a knife protruding from its chest, then the result of your beloved's actions are in the forethoughts of your mind and you use the perfective verb and say, «Что ты сделал(а)!?» “What have you done!?” If you deduce from that contrast in translation that the English present perfect tense has something to do with a past action with current relevance, then you have made a linguistically astute observation.

Less dramatic situations work as well. At the end of a typical school day you may say to your son «Что ты сегодня делал в школе?» “What did you do at school today?” But if you walk into the kitchen and see that he has covered all the walls with mustard, then you say, «Что ты сделал?» “What have you done?”

The verb also means “to make.” The thing that is made appears in the accusative case, and the thing or substance of which it is made shows up in the genitive case after the preposition из:

Дима любил бывать на даче, так как дедушка ему делал лодочки из дерева. Дима их населял воображаемыми пиратами и моряками и так проводил всё лето, не думая о школе и наступающем первом сентября. Dima loved spending time at the dacha since his grandfather made him little boats out of wood. Dima populated them with imaginary pirates and sailors, and that's how he spent the whole summer, not thinking about school and the approach of the first day of class.
Утренний кофе делает из меня человека. Morning coffee makes me human.
Путин делает из Ющенко козла отпущения. Putin is making a scapegoat out of Yushenko.
Правительство делает из Владивостока центр Азиатско-Тихоокеанского сотрудничества. (source) The government is turning Vladivostok into a center of Asian and Pacific collaboration.
Каждая проходящая мимо девушка делает из Бори дурака. А скорее он из себя делает дурака по её поводу. Every girl that passes by makes a fool out of Boris. Or rather, he makes a fool out of himself on her account.

На (motion)

by Don  

The second-most common word for “to” in Russian is “на” followed by the accusative case. This is potentially confusing because “на” followed by the prepositional case often means “at.” Observe the contrast:

Мама на работе? Is Mom at work?
Мама поехала на работу. Mom has gone to work.
На почте покупаем марки и принимаем факсы. We buy stamps and receive faxes at the post office.
Почтальон поехал на почту. The postman has gone to the post office.

“На” followed by accusative can also be translated as “onto”:

Кошка прыгнула на стол. The cat jumped onto the table.
Мой брат влез на крышу. My brother climbed onto the roof.

В (motion)

by Don  

The most common word for “to” in Russian is “в” followed by the accusative case. This is tricky for Gringos because “в” followed by prepositional means “at.” Observe the contrast:

Mама в магазине. “Mom is at the store.”
Mама пошла в магазин. “Mom has gone to the store.”
Лена занимается в библотеке. “Lena is studying at the library.”
Лена пошла в библотеку. “Lena has gone to the library.”

“В” can also indicate motion and be translated as “into”:

Машина въехала в туннель. The car drove into the tunnel.
Учительница вошла в комнату. The teacher walked into the room.

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