Мышь (часть первая)

by Don  

The Russian word for mouse is мышь. It is a third declension feminine noun that declines like this:

SgPl
Nomмышьмыши
Accмышей
Genмыши
Preмышах
Datмышам
Insмышьюмышами

Sample sentences:

Как поймать мышь? How do you catch a mouse?
Я поймала мышь с помощью липучего домика для тараканов, в серединку положила кусочек сыра , поставила на ночь у того места, откуда она может выйти — и утром она уже там была — прилипла!
(Adapted from this source)
I caught a mouse using a sticky cockroach trap. I put a little piece of cheese in the middle, set it overnight by the place where the mouse might come out, and in the more there it was: it got stuck!
Лично я очень люблю мышей. Personally, I really love mice.
Жареная мышь — верное средство от ночного недержания мочи. (source) A fried mouse is a sure cure for nighttime bed-wetting.¹

¹ Apparently this superstition was held in English speaking countries as well:

A flayne Mouse rosted, or made in powder, & drunk at one tyme, doeth perfectly helpe such as can not holde or keepe their water: especially, if it be used three dayes in this order. This is verie true and often proued.

From Lupton's “Thousand notable things,” quoted in A Dictionary of Superstitions.

Всходы

by Don  

Всходы is a fun little word. The prefix вс- means upward. The root ход- means go. When you put them together into a word that is only used in the plural, it means sprouts, i.e. the tiny little beginnings of plants that have just come up out of the soil. Here's a sample sentence:

Всходы выдерживают заморозки от минус 3 до минус 6 градусов. (source) The sprouts can stand freezing weather from minus three to minus six degrees.

Under the influence of books like “In Defense of Food: An Eater's Manifesto” by Michael Pollan and “Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life” by Barbara Kingsolver, I decided to do some container gardening on my patio. I went to the farmer's market and bought some Green Zebra tomatoes. I liked them so much that I squeezed out some seeds, fermented them and planted them:

Вот помидорные всходы, которые в конце апреля появились у меня во дворе. Here are the tomato sprouts that appeared in my yard at the end of April.

Работать/поработать (часть четвёртая)

by Don  

Since работать/поработать means “to work,” you will want to be able to use it to say that so-and-so works for so-and-so. Beginning students of Russian often use the word для as the most generic word for “for,” (not the best idea, incidentally), so one might be tempted to translate “I work for Honeywell” as «Я работаю для фирмы “Хоневелл”». Nope, that would be error. When you want to express the idea that you work full time for an organization, the prepositions you want are в and на followed by the prepositional case. (Follow the general guideliness for selecting на.)

Я раньше работал в французской фирме «Airbus», а теперь я работаю в компании «МакДоналдс».¹ I used to work for the French firm “Airbus,” but now I work for McDonald's.
Моя мама раньше работала в Московском государственном университете. My mother used to work at Moscow State University.
Мой друг работает в «Правде». My friend works at “Pravda.”
Через месяц мой брат будет работать на телевизионном заводе. My brother works at a TV factory.
Моя сестра хочет работать на мясном комбинате. My sister wants to work at a meat packing plant.
Я работаю в АНТК «Туполев». I work for the Tupolev Design Bureau

Now here is a subtlety. If you work for a company or organization part time, then you work на followed by the accusative case:

Летом я работал на «Известия». I worked part-time for Izvestiya over the summer.
Как это стыдно! Раньше у меня была нормальная работа, но теперь работаю на отца. Oh, this is shameful. I used to have a real job, but now I'm working part-time for my dad.
Палестинский шпион работал на Израиль в Ливане. (source) A Palestinian spy worked for Israel in Lebanon.
На кого работал Алексей Френкель?. (source) Who did Aleksei Frankel work for?

¹ Фирма is normally a на word. Why the heck the Russians say в in this context is a mystery to me.

Работать/поработать (часть третья)

by Don  

If you want to express the idea that someone works “as something,” then you put the profession in the instrumental case without a preposition:

Я работаю преподавателем русского языка. I work as a Russian language instructor.
Мой папа работал геологом. My father worked as a geologist.
Я работал музыкантом в электричке. (Adapted from this source) I used to work as a musician on the local train.

The corresponding question would be «Кем вы работаете?» “As what do you work?” Although that awful translation captures the grammatical ideas, a good translation would be simply “What do you do for a living?”

— Кем вы работаете?
— Я работаю инженером.
“What do you do for a living?”
“I work as an engineer.”
Кем работают иммигранты в США? What do immigrants to the USA do for a living?

Работать/поработать (часть вторая)

by Don  

The verb работать/поработать can also mean “to work on” in the sense of “to fine tune one's skills,” “to improve something.” Thus “I'm working on my pronunciation” comes out «Работаю над произношением». Other examples:

Работаю над новой визиткой. I'm working on a new business card.
Работаю над сайтом по изучению английского. I'm working on an English language study site.
Design Studio 13 поработали над дизайном упаковки для "Домашнего вина". (source) Design Studio 13 has worked on a design for packaging the “Domestic Wine” [line of products].
"Аль-Каида" просит Обаму поработать над имиджем. (source) Al-Qaeda asks Obama to work on his image.
Нам предстоит нелёгкий матч с "Сиеной", и нам следует в оставшиеся три дня поработать над собой. (source) We have a tough match with Sienna ahead of us, and for the remaining three days we have to work on ourselves.

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