Число (часть третья)
The other day we discussed the usage of число to mean date in the sense of the first of the month, the second, etc. That's pretty straight-forward as far as discussing today/tomorrow/yesterday's date is concerned. But if you want to talk about the date on which something takes place, that's trickier. In that context the date goes into the genitive case, and despite the use of ‘on’ in an English context, no preposition is used in Russian:
| Пятого я был в Туле. | On the fifth I was in Tula. |
In Russian if you want to clarify the date on which something occurs, you can ask the question «Какого числа?» For instance:
| — Какого числа родился твой отец? — Первого мая. |
“On what date was your father born?” “He was born on the first of May.” |
Although the «какого числа» question is perfectly grammatical, it's a bit more common to simply use когда. Both approaches are perfectly grammatical. I have the impression that Russian say «какого числа» more frequently than English speakers say “on what date”:
| — Какого числа вы родились? — Я родилась четвёртого апреля. |
“On what date were your born?” “I was born on April fourth.” |
| — Когда вы родились? — Я родилась четвёртого апреля. |
“When were your born?” “I was born on April fourth.” |
In English we say things like “Christmas is December 25th.” In Russian you always put the date in the genitive, you never leave it simply in the nominative:
| Рождество — двадцать пятого декабря. | Christmas is December twenty-fifth. or Christmas is on December twenty-fifth. |
For the sake of thoroughness, here is a sample sentence with all thirty-one dates:
| Мы будем в Туле первого. | We will be in Tula on the first. |
| Мы будем в Туле второго. | We will be in Tula on the second. |
| Мы будем в Туле третьегo. | We will be in Tula on the third. |
| Мы будем в Туле четвёртого. | We will be in Tula on the fourth. |
| Мы будем в Туле пятого. | We will be in Tula on the fifth. |
| Мы будем в Туле шестого. | We will be in Tula on the sixth. |
| Мы будем в Туле седьмого. | We will be in Tula on the seventh. |
| Мы будем в Туле восьмого. | We will be in Tula on the eighth. |
| Мы будем в Туле девятого. | We will be in Tula on the ninth. |
| Мы будем в Туле десятого. | We will be in Tula on the tenth. |
| Мы будем в Туле одиннадцатого. | We will be in Tula on the eleventh. |
| Мы будем в Туле двенадцатого. | We will be in Tula on the twelfth. |
| Мы будем в Туле тринадцатого. | We will be in Tula on the thirteenth. |
| Мы будем в Туле четырнадцатого. | We will be in Tula on the fourteenth. |
| Мы будем в Туле пятнадцатого. | We will be in Tula on the fifteenth. |
| Мы будем в Туле шестнадцатого. | We will be in Tula on the sixteenth. |
| Мы будем в Туле семнадцатого. | We will be in Tula on the seventeenth. |
| Мы будем в Туле восемнадцатого. | We will be in Tula on the eighteenth. |
| Мы будем в Туле девятнадцатого. | We will be in Tula on the nineteenth. |
| Мы будем в Туле двадцатого. | We will be in Tula on the twentieth. |
| Мы будем в Туле двадцать первого. | We will be in Tula on the twenty-first. |
| Мы будем в Туле двадцать второго. | We will be in Tula on the twenty-second. |
| Мы будем в Туле двадцать третьего. | We will be in Tula on the twenty-third. |
| Мы будем в Туле двадцать четвёртого. | We will be in Tula on the twenty-fourth. |
| Мы будем в Туле двадцать пятого. | We will be in Tula on the twenty-fifth. |
| Мы будем в Туле двадцать шестого. | We will be in Tula on the twenty-sixth. |
| Мы будем в Туле двадцать седьмого. | We will be in Tula on the twenty-seventh. |
| Мы будем в Туле двадцать восьмого. | We will be in Tula on the twenty-eighth. |
| Мы будем в Туле двадцать девятого. | We will be in Tula on the twenty-ninth. |
| Мы будем в Туле тридцатого. | We will be in Tula on the thirtieth. |
| Мы будем в Туле тридцать первого. | We will be in Tula on the thirty-first. |
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