И (часть первая)
After their first week of class all Russian students know that и means “and”:
| Мама и папа собирали картошку в колхозе. | Mom and Dad harvested potatoes at the collective farm. |
| Ксюша создала веб-сайт для русских невест и американских женихов. | Kseniya created a web-site for Russian brides and American grooms. |
It's so simple, why the heck would anyone bother to blog about it? Listen carefully, my children: the word и will save you grief in learning Russian. For instance, once you have learned the word и, you never have to learn a separate word for both! For instance…
| И мама, и папа говорят по-русски. | Both Mom and Dad speak Russian. |
See how easy that is! And what's wonderful is that it's not only nouns that can be coordinated that way, but also verbs, adverbs, and prepositional phrases:
| Папа и говорит, и пишет по-русски. | Dad both speaks and writes Russian. |
| Я говорю и по-русски, и по-испански. | I speak both Russian and Spanish. |
| Мой брат был и в Египте, и на Аляске. | My brother has been in both Egypt and Alaska. |
Actually the и can connect more than two words. In English, theoretically, we should only use “both” when coordinating two items, but sometimes when we are not thinking too carefully about what we are saying, we use it in constructions where more than two items are coordinated:
| Я говорю и по-русски, и по-испански, и по-английски. | I speak both Russian and Spanish and English. |
In Russian it's perfectly fine to coordinate more than two items with и, whereas in English if you use “both” in the context, rude pedants will correct you. I say “rude” because Mama taught us that we shouldn't correct the speech of other people unless they specifically ask us to.
2 comments
Опять же есть нюанс. Если вы перечисляете вещи через “и", то их нужно выделять запятыми: “Я говорю и по-русски, и по-испански, и по-английски". I hope this correction is not very rude :)
Don responds: Thanks! I’m always grateful for constructive criticism of my Russian.
Повторяющийся союз “и …, и …, и…
(купил /прочитал) А и B (no comma);
(купил /прочитал) и A, и B (no comma before the 1st “и"; comma before the 2nd “и";
(купил /прочитал) и A, и B, и С (the same)
Папа и говорит, и пишет по-русски.
Мой брат был и в Египте, и на Аляске.
Я говорю и по-русски, и по-испански, и по-английски.
Аналогично с повторяющимся союзом “ни…, ни …, (ни…):
Я не поехал ни домой, ни в гости.
Я не поехал ни домой, ни в гости, ни в ресторан.
Don responds: Thanks for the very constructive criticism!
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