В гостях

by Don  

The second important phrase in Russian that deals with visiting is «в гостях». It is a location phrase, which means it is used with location verbs, not motion verbs. In Russian when you are at someone's home or office, you express that idea with the preposition у followed by the genitive case. Thus:

В понедельник я был в гостях у дяди. On Monday I visited my uncle.
Мы завтра будем в гостях у Натальи. Tomorrow we will visit Natalya.
Когда я была в гостях у друзей, мы каждый день парились в бане. When I was visiting my friends, we used the sauna every day.

Of course you can add other phrases that specify where the person was located when you visited them:

На прошлой неделе я был в гостях у дяди в Новгороде. Last week I visited my uncle in Novgorod.
Летом у нас в гостях в деревне были племянники из города. Мы научили их, как доить корову. In the summer our nephews from the city were visiting us in the village. We taught them how to milk the cow.
— Не поверишь, но в августе я была в гостях у друга в Пуэрто-Рико, и у меня была возможность спеть дуэт с Рики Мартином.
— Ты права, не верю.
“You're not going to believe this, but in August I was visiting a friend in Puerto Rico, and I had the opportunity to sing a duet with Ricky Martin.”
“You're right. I'm not going to believe that.”

В гости

by Don  

One of the important phrases in Russian that deals with visiting is «в гости». It is a motion phrase, which means it is used with motion verbs, not location verbs. In Russian when you go to someone's home or office, you express that idea with the preposition к followed by the dative case. Thus:

В понедельник я ездил в гости к тёте. On Monday I went to visit my aunt.
Мы завтра пойдём в гости к Игорю. Tomorrow we will go visit Igor.
Когда я ехала в гости к друзьям на поезде, я была в одном купе с членом Академии наук. When I was riding the train to visit my friends, I shared a compartment with a member of of the Academy of Sciences.

Now here is where it gets interesting. In English if you mention that place you are going to in addition to the person, that place is expressed as a location phrase. In Russian that place shows up after the preposition в/на + accusative, in other words in a motion phrase:

Зимой я всегда летаю в гости к сестре в Канаду. In the winter I always fly to Canada to visit my sister.
Летом к нам в гости в деревню всегда приезжают племянники из города. In the summer our nephews from the city come to visit us in the village.
— Не поверишь, но в августе я полечу в гости к другу в Вашингтон, познакомлюсь с Бараком Обамой.
— Ты права, не верю.
“You're not going to believe this, but in August I'm flying to Washington to visit a friend and I'm going to meet Barak Obama.”
“You're right. I don't believe it.”

There is another phrase «в гостях» that treats visiting as a location instead of a motion. We'll discuss it in a day or two.

Свинья

by Tatiana  

Some say that pigs make great house pets. They call them charming and intelligent with expressive personalities. However, for most of us pig pets are too exotic. I mean, would you like to be awakened by loud grunting noises?

In Russian a pig is свинья. It is a word of feminine gender; in conversational Russian свин can mean a male pig, but when people talk about pigs they usually just use the feminine form:.

SgPl
Nomсвиньясвиньи
Accсвиньюсвиней
Genсвиньи
Preсвинье свиньях
Datсвиньям
Insсвиньёйсвияньми

Russian pigs don't go “oink-oink”; they go хрю-хрю, which, in my opinion, makes sense; it reminds me of grunting sounds.

Figuratively both свинья and свин can be used to describe a messy person, while свинарник, “pigpen” could describe the filthiness of their home.

Он такой неряшливый, просто свин! He is so messy, a common pig!
Ты была у Маши дома? Такой свинарник! Have you been to Masha's? What a pigpen!


Also, it serves as an insult following one’s shabby act. In that case this person’s actions can be called свинство “swinishness” or “rudeness.”

— Петя, какая же ты всё-таки свинья! Зачем ты моей тёте сказал, что ей надо меньше есть?
— И это я свинья? Ты её вообще видела? Ей только пятачка не хватает!
“Petya, you are such a pig! Why did you tell my aunt that she needs to eat less?”
“You are calling me a pig? Have you ever seen her? All she's missing is a snout!”
— Как он мог со мной так поступить на глазах у всех его друзей?
— Да, это свинство с его стороны, конечно!
“How could he do this to me in front of all of his friends?”
“Yes, of course, that was really rude of him.”

We have a rather well used expression, свинью подложить, which means to intentionally cause trouble or play a dirty trick on them.

Я никогда ей этого не прощу! Подруга называется - такую свинью подложила! I will never forgive her! She calls herself a friend and then plays such a dirty trick on me!

There is a theory that this expression comes historically from the ban on eating pork, свинина in Judaism and Islam. You can imagine someone, intentionally slipping a religious Muslim some pork in order to get them in trouble or cause mischief (source).

In Russian the mumps also have something to do with pigs: we call it свинка. The name comes from the look of one’s swollen cheeks when the salivary glands get inflamed. Incidentally, свинка is the diminutive form for свинья.

— Ты не видел Катю?
— Нет, она дома. Она свинкой болеет.
“Did you see Katya?”
“No, she's at home. She's got the mumps.”

Another use of the word свинья is piggy bank, свинья-копилка. I found a really cute cartoon from the 1960’s that was based on Hans Christian Andersen’s tale, Свинья-копилка, “The Piggy Bank”.

Знакомить/познакомить

by Don  

In English you might hear a sentence like “I introduced John to Mary a year ago, and last month they got married.” The equivalent sentence in Russian will not use “to introduce” but rather “to acquaint,” which is знакомить/познакомить, which is conjugated like this:

Imperfective Perfective
Infinitive знакомить познакомить
Past знакомил
знакомила
знакомило
знакомили
познакомил
познакомила
познакомило
познакомили
Present знакомлю
знакомишь
знакомит
знакомим
знакомите
знакомят
No such thing as
perfective present
in Russian.
Future буду знакомить
будешь знакомить
будет знакомить
будем знакомить
будете знакомить
будут знакомить
познакомлю
познакомишь
познакомит
познакомим
познакомите
познакомят
Imperative знакомь(те) познакомь(те)

The verb takes two complements: a direct object and a prepositional phrase with the preposition с + instrumental:

I acquainted John with Mary.

Despite the fact that the verb literally means “to acquaint,” a good English translation will substitute the verb “to introduce”:

В прошлом году я познакомил Ваню с Машей, и вот месяц назад они поженились. Last year I introduced John to Mary, and a month ago they got married.
Не познакомишь меня с твоей сестрой? Could you introduce me to your sister?
Вова, у нас новый ученик. Познакомь его с ребятами. Vladimir, we have a new student. Introduce him to the other kids.
— Вань, откуда ты знаешь Машу?
— Нас в прошлом году познакомил Коля.
“John, how do you know Mary?”
“Nikolai introduced us last year.”

Автобус (часть вторая)

by Don  

The Russian word for bus, as in public transport, is автобус. It is a perfectly regular first declension noun. Public transport is well developed in large Russian cities, so it's a perfectly normal of the Russian daily routine to ride a bus. To say you are riding “on a bus/by bus” most often they use the preposition на followed by the prepositional case, but occasionally you'll find a bare instrumental case used without a preposition:

Каждый день я езжу на работу на автобусе. Every day I take the bus to work.
Сегодня я приехал домой автобусом. I came home today on the bus.

If something happens inside the bus, then of course you use в + prepositional:

В автобусе было столько народу! There were so many people in the bus!
Ненавижу, когда молодые люди сидят и целуются в автобусе. Как им не стыдно? I hate it when kids sit in the bus and make out. They should be ashamed of themselves.

Although автобус is a fairly simple word, it's the verbs used with it they are sometimes surprising to English speakers. For instance, the most common way to say “to get on the bus” is “to sit into the bus” in Russian, using the verb pair садиться/сесть:

Подозреваемый сел в автобус в восемь часов. The suspect got on the bus at eight o'clock.
Каждое утро я сажусь в автобус и еду на работу. Every morning I get on the bus and go to work.

When you get off the bus, Russians either say “to step down from the bus” сходить/сойти or “to exit from the bus” выходить/выйти:

Хулиган сошёл с автобуса. The punk got off the bus.
Француженка вышла из автобуса. The French woman got off the bus.

1 ... 67 68 69 ...70 ... 72 ...74 ...75 76 77 ... 158