Похожий

by Don  

The word похожий means “similar to, resembling”:

Masc Neut Fem Pl
Nom похожий похожее похожая похожие
Acc * похожую *
Gen похожего похожей похожих
Pre похожем
Dat похожему похожим
Ins похожим похожими

Here are some sample sentences:

Учёные впервые обнаружили в другой системе планету, похожую на Землю.(source) For the first time scientists have discovered a planet in another system that resembles Earth.
Нет у нас ничего похожего на демократию. (source) We don't have anything resembling democracy.
Учёные провели исследование, доказавшее, что женщины выбирают себе в мужья похожих на них мужчин. (source) Scientists have conducted research that proves that women choose men who look like them for husbands.

Of course the adjective exists in the short form as well.

Short forms
Masc похож
Fem похожа
Neut похоже
Pl похожи

The short forms of these words are incredibly common when commenting on resemblances between people. Note that the person you resemble shows up in accusative case after the preposition на.

Мой брат похож на папу. My brother looks like Dad.
— Не хочешь поласкать мою собаку?
— Нет, я люблю только больших собак, а твоя собачка скорее всего похожа на паршивую крысу.
— Какая же ты гадина!
“Would you like to pet my dog?”
“No, I only like big dogs. Your little dog looks like a nasty ol' rat more than anything else.”
“You are such a creep!”
— На кого я похожа? На маму или на папу?
— По-моему, ты больше всего похожа на того старика из соседней квартиры.
— Что ты хочешь этим сказать?
“Who do I look like more? Mom or Dad?”
“I think you look more like that old guy from the apartment next door.”
“What exactly are you trying to say?”
Когда она вошла в комнату, она была похожа на богиню из древней Греции. Я не мог не влюбиться. When she walked into the room, she looked like a goddess from Ancient Greece. I couldn't help falling in love.

If the antecedent of the word is это, then of course you use the neuter short form:

Неужели ты ударила Витю по лицу? Это на тебя не похоже. Did you really slap Victor in the face. That's not like you.

The neuter short form also doubles as an adverb, and in this usage can have the same meaning as кажется ‘it seems’:

Похоже, скоро будет дождь. It seems like it'll rain soon.

Вкусный

by Don  

Вкусный means tasty or delicious.

Masc Neut Fem Pl
Nom вкусный вкусное вкусная вкусные
Acc * вкусную *
Gen вкусного вкусной вкусных
Pre вкусном
Dat вкусному вкусным
Ins вкусным вкусными

As a standard hard adjective it works pretty well like you'd expect it to in sentences:

Чай очень вкусный. The tea is really tasty.
Вампиры выбрали вкусную жертву. (adapted from here) The vampires chose a tasty victim.
Бабушка всегда готовила вкусные и полезные блюда. Grandmother always made her food delicious and healthy.
Где в Интернете можно найти рецепты вкусных блюд? Where on the Internet can you find recipes for tasty dishes?

This adjective, like most other qualitative adjectives, also has short and comparative forms:

Short forms Comparative
Masc вкусeн вкуснee
Fem вкуснa
Neut вкуснo
Pl вкусны

That by itself is not so interesting, but it gets interesting when we think about the neuter short form, which for most hard adjectives also doubles as an adverb. Russians use adverbs a lot more than English speakers, and they use them in ways that are quite unnatural to the American ear. An English speaker would almost never use the word 'tastily,' but you can find it all the time in Russian:

Мама вкусно готовит. Mom is a good cook. (Lit., Mom cooks tastily.)
В этом кафе кормят вкусно и дёшево. This café has cheap and tasty food. (Lit., In this cafe they feed [you] tastily and cheaply.)
Мы вкусно пообедали и вернулись на работу. We had a good lunch and went back to work. (Lit., We lunched tastily…)
— Как говядина?
— Очень вкусно.
“How's the beef?”
“Very tasty.”

That last example is of a type that used to drive me crazy. I wanted people to write вкусна in the feminine form, in other words with standard adjectival agreement. But in these types of contexts, the вкусно isn't referring directly to the beef. Instead it means something like “it is tasty to eat the beef”, in other words the ‘it’ isn't referring to the noun itself, but to the more abstract experience associated with the beef. Frankly, it still stresses me out that the Russians do that.

The subject of the wide use of adverbs in Russian is an interesting one. We'll try to include other examples in the near future.

Сердце

by Timur  

Сердце is the Russian word for that muscular, blood-pumping organ ticking in your chest known as the heart. And, of course, in various cultures around the world it’s not simply an organ, but also a poetic symbol for love and the spiritual being of a person.

Here are a couple of words and a saying that derive from сердце:

Сердечный— This adjective can be used to describe a medical heart condition or warm feelings. When referring to a heart attack, say сердечный приступ, and when mentioning a close, good-natured friend, say сердечный друг. In medicine, cердечный is usually translated as cardiac.

Сердцеед— A perfect word to describe Casanova, Don Juan and other ordinary, skirt-chasing womanizers who constantly break some poor heart. The term is a combination of the words heart and eater, literally translated as “heart-eater”. Сердцеедкa is used to describe a female with the same qualities.

Сердце не лежит— The saying explains the feelings of someone who is resistant, objecting and just not in the mood for something. For example, “y него сердце не лежит к этой профессии,” can be translated as, “His heart is not really in this profession.”

SgPl
Nomсердцесердца
Acc
Genсердцасердец
Preсердцесердцах
Datсердцусердцам
Insсердцемсердцами

Here’s a short, vacuous dialogue about heartache between a sorrowful man and his doctor friend.

— Вадим, ты знаешь, мне нехорошо уже несколько дней. Эта боль не проходит ни на секунду. “Vadim, you know, I haven’t been feeling well for a few days now. This pain does not leave me for a second.
— А что у тебя болит? “What is troubling you?”
— Сердце, Вадим... у меня болит сердце. “The heart Vadim... my heart is in pain.”
— А от чего оно у тебя болит? Ты же еще молодой, сильный и здоровый. “And why is it in pain? You’re still young, strong and healthy.”
— Оно болит, потому что его разбила Света. Oна окончательно ушла. “It hurts because Sveta broke it. She has left for good.”
— Сожалею, Андрей, но ведь я кардиолог, а не психолог. К тому же, у меня много пациентов, которые ждут за этой дверью. А теперь, до свидания, и не вздумай опять просить меня достать антидепрессанты.” “I’m sorry, Andrei, but I’m a cardiologist and not a psychologist. Plus I have many patients who are on the other side of this door. So, goodbye now, and don't even think about asking for antidepressants again.”

Голос

by Don  

The Russian word for voice is голос. Notice that it is end-stressed in the plural and has an irregular nominative plural:

SgPl
Nomголосголоса
Accголосголоса
Genголосаголосов
Preголосеголосах
Datголосуголосам
Insголосомголосами

Here are a few sample sentences:

Голос — звук, издаваемый человеком при разговоре, пении, крике, смехе, плаче. (source) “Voice” is the sound made when a human being talks, sings, shouts, laughs or cries.
Дедушка иногда говорил таким звонким голосом, что стекло в наших окнах буквально трясло. Granddad sometimes spoke with such a loud voice that the glass in our windows would literally shake.
Не удалось взять мужика фигурой — берите голосом! Этого более чем достаточно, чтобы не быть отвергнутой. (adapted from this source) If you haven't managed to catch a man with your figure, then catch one with your voice! That's more than enough to keep you from being rejected.
Не верьте голосу по телефону, призы обещающему. (source) Don't trust a voice on the phone that promises you prizes.

Батарея

by Timur  

The word батарея is simply translated as battery, and just as in English, it can refer to a few different objects. First, to a battery that is used to run electronic equipment, which Russians often call батарейка. Then, to a military battery, as in an artillery unit grouped on the battlefield for better tactical maneuvering and action. Thirdly, it labels the radiator, part of the traditional heat transfer system that warms all Russian apartments and houses by hot water and steam circulation in the winter, late fall and early spring.

SgPl
Nomбатареябатареи
Accбатарею
Genбатареибатарей
Preбатареебатареях
Datбатареебатареям
Insбатареейбатареями

Image of a radiator from http://obninsk.name


Батарейка в моем телевизионом пульте уже села. The battery in my TV remote controller already died.
Когда в квартире холодно, Cтепан садится около горячей батареи. When it’s cold in the apartment, Stepan sits near the hot radiator.
Все три артиллерийские батареи на левом берегу реки были наготове. All three artillery batteries on the left bank of the river were ready.
Батарею моего нового ноутбукa можно заряжать солнечной энергией. The battery of my new notebook can be charged with solar energy.

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