Categories: "Medicine"

Губа

by Don  

This by way of Ryan, a former student of mine, currently dating a lovely Russian girl:

Learning a foreign language is difficult. Sometimes it is downright dangerous; like when you accidentally tell your girlfriend that she has a great mustache when you meant to compliment her lips. The difference between губы and усы is noted...

Such little misunderstandings are very common in cross-cultural relationships. Back in 1991 I was dating a woman who had been the national shot-putting champion of Albania. We were in Paris at Cafe Vesuvio not far from Rue de Leningrad, sipping a local red wine whose name I have forgotten, when she looked at me with moist eyes and said, “You have the most beautiful uterus.” Not wanting to spoil the mood, I replied, “Thank you, mon petit chou, my uterus is yours and only yours.” She was visibly moved; no man had ever said such a thing to her before, though doubtless many have since. Alas, our relationship did not last the weekend, and I am left with only misty, water-colored memories...

The Russian word for lip is губа; note the shifting stress in the plural:

SgPl
Nomгубагубы
Accгубу
Genгубыгуб
Preгубегубах
Datгубам
Insгубойгубами

The Большой толковый словарь at gramota.ru defines губа like this:

Каждая из двух кожно-мускульных подвижных складок, образующих края рта. (source Each of the two fleshy, muscular mobile flaps that form the the edges of the mouth.

That is about as unromantic a definition as you can find. On a more human level...

У тебя красивые губы. You have lovely lips.
Я люблю твои губы,
Люблю твои руки,
Люблю все, что есть у тебя.
Я люблю как целуешь,
Люблю как танцуешь,
Люблю как ты любишь меня!
(source)
I love your lips,
I love your hands,
I love everything that you have.
I love how you kiss,
I love how you dance,
I love how you love me
Губами губ твоих коснусь
Твоё дыхание вдохну (source)
I will touch your lips with mine
I will breathe your breath

Слизь

by Don  

I think my favorite Russian word is слизь, which means mucous. Almost all American students will laugh out loud the first time they hear it, which will doubtless mystify Russian readers, so I should explain that English has a word ‘sleaze’ which means a disgusting and dishonorable person, and there is just something in the word that conjures up images of greasy hair and greasy skin and sports coats reeking of stale cigarette smoke that need to be washed much more often. So the association of revolting slipperiness with sleaze and слизь to an American is immediate and visceral. I just love that.

Of course слизь is a perfectly good scientific word, and grammatically it is a feminine third declension noun which declines like this:

SgPl
Nomслизьслизи
Acc
Genслизислизей
Preслизях
Datслизям
Insслизслизями

English speakers might be surprised to see a plural of the word since we never say ‘mucouses’ in English, but of course in medical and scientific English the proper plural is mucosa. Let's see... what sentences can we come up with without inducing nausea in the reader...

Некоторые беспозвоночные производят слизь, которая может облегчить передвижение и играть свою роль при коммуникации. (adapted from Wikipedia) Some invertebrates produce mucous that may facilitate movement and play a role in communication.
Что делать, если рыба покрылась вязкой слизью? (source) What should you do if your fish is covered by sticky mucous?
Биологическая роль слизей достаточно значительна. (source) The biological role of mucosa is fairly signficant.
Пектины — это близкие к камедям и слизям углеводные полимеры. (adapted from this source) Pectins are hydrocarbon polymers close[ly related] to resins and mucosa.

Пуп, пупок

by Don  

One Russian root word for navel is пуп. That's enough to make any American laugh. And most of us will be so amused that we aren't going to bother to investigate the word further. But here at Russian Word of the Day we pride ourselves on taking interest in all sorts of things that other people simply ignore, and today the belly button is it. It is an end-stressed noun, so it declines like this:

SgPl
Nomпуппупы
Acc
Genпупапупов
Preпупепупax
Datпупупупам
Insпупомпупами

I know, I know: the dative singular made you laugh again.

Anyhoo, пуп is etymologically the source word for navel, one that you will find once in a blue moon in a formal, scientific, or medical context. Thus Russian Wikipedia gives us this info:

Пуп — рубец на передней брюшной стенке, остающийся после удаления пуповины у новорожденного ребенка. Пупком обладают все плацентарные млекопитающие, у большинства из которых он выглядит небольшой линией без волосяного покрова. The navel is a scar on the anterior abdominal wall that is left over after the umbilical cord is removed from a new-born child. All placental mammals have a belly button. On the majority of them it appears as a small hairless line.

But when talking about a person's belly button, the Russians almost never say пуп. Instead they use the end-stressed diminutive пупок.

SgPl
Nomпупокпупки
Acc
Genпупкапупков
Preпупкепупкax
Datпупкупупкам
Insпупкомпупками

Sometimes you see belly dancers in movies and you can see their navels, but my mother, who used to take belly dancing classes, tells me that that is a no-no:

В традиционном арабском танце танцовщицы никогда не показывают свои пупки. In traditional Arab dance the dancers never show their belly buttons.

Every five or ten years I get into a conversation about the lint that can show up in one's belly button. It seems to be a gender based issue: men have it happen more often than women. Тhe subject was even brought up recently on the web:

В конце долгого дня я снимаю рубашку и в течении миллисекунды проверяю благополучное состояние своего достоинства перед тем, как принять душ. Оказывается, что почти всегда в пупке есть пушок. At the end of a long afternoon I take off my shirt and do a millisecond body check to ensure my manhood is still intact before taking a shower, and there always seems to be lint in my belly button. (source)

One of the amazing things about Russian is that you can make a diminutive of a diminutive, so the dimiminutive of the diminutive пупок is — are you ready for the? — пупочек. This one turns out to be stem stressed:

SgPl
Nomпупочекпупочки
Acc
Genпупочкапупочков
Preпупочкепупочкаx
Datпупочкупупочкам
Insпупочкомпупочками

The word is mostly used to refer to a baby's belly button. There is a bit of a gender difference in the use of this word. Adult men will rarely use it. Mothers and grandmothers will use it more often. (I actually had one Russian man tell me no one used it, but that's simply not true.) For instance, on babyblog.ru I found this little gem:

Ещё в РД мне сказали обрабатывать пупочек только зелёнкой, на курсах нам говорили, что сначала перекисью. Back in the Maternity Center I was told to treat [the baby's] belly button just with brilliant green. In class we were told that we should start with peroxide.

And as long as we are talking about belly buttons, we should mention the English word omphaloskepsis, which is meditation using the belly button as a focus. That's got nothing to do with Russian. I just really like the word.

Сметана

by Don  

Some foods you just can't do without. In the States it's almost inconceivable not to have turkey and mashed potatoes at Thanksgiving, or hamburgers at a picnic, or apple pie for dessert. If those foods aren't part of your life, by cracky, then you just aren't a real American and your status as a patriot is open to question. Among those foods that are inherently Russian, among those foods without which you cannot even conceive of a Russian upbringing and without which you cannot have a Russian soul is… сметана sour cream. The noun is a perfectly regular second declension noun:

Sg
Nomсметана
Accсметану
Genсметаны
Preсметане
Dat
Insсметаной

American sour cream is not like Russian sour cream. American sour cream is adulterated with thickening agents to make it firm. If you remove the sour cream from its container, it actually retains the shape of the container… for a while at least.

Russian sour cream flows gently and smoothly, creamy and delicious, just like universal love flowing from the cosmic mind. Fresh and almost without preservatives, you eat Russian sour cream right away, not because you are afraid it will go bad, but because it is so wonderful you would never not eat it all. And like universal love, the Russians pour it over over everything: soups, pancakes, meat dishes, fruits, vegetables… Сметана can even be a dish unto itself. The cafeteria at Moscow State University used to sell glasses full of sour cream for direct consumption, some with sugar added, some without, and people just bought a glassful and ate it with a spoon.

Дочка, купи, пожалуйста, сметану на ужин. Daughter, please buy sour cream for dinner.
Русские любят заправлять борщ сметаной. Russians like to garnish their borscht with sour cream.
Самая свежая сметана бывает на рынке. The freshest sour cream is usually at the farmers' market.

And of course, let's not forget the medicinal powers of sour cream, especially in treating sunburn:

Помните о том, что главное на солнце – это умеренное пребывание, не лежите на пляже с утра до вечера. Но если вы обгорели, смажьте обожжённые места сметаной. (adapted from this source) Remember that the important thing is to spend only a reasonable amount of time in the sun. Don't lie on the beach from morning to evening. But if you do get a sunburn, daub the burned spots with sour cream.

Простуда

by Tatiana  

Weakness, cough and stuffed nose - we all have experienced these symptoms of the common cold. It ruins your plans and makes it so hard to get out of bed in the morning. Unfortunately, I feel very closely connected to today’s word right now. XX( I cannot wait to get over it!

In Russian, the common cold is called простуда. It is a noun of feminine gender.

— Ты не знаешь, что с Мишей случилось? Он опять не пришёл на урок.
— Наверное борется с очередной простудой.
“Do you know what happened to Misha? He was once again absent in class.”
“He is probably fighting another cold.”
Из-за моей простуды я уже четвёртый день не встаю с постели. Because of my cold I haven't got out of bed for four days now.
Что вы мне можете рассказать о своей простуде? Какие у вас симптомы? What can you tell me about your cold? What are your symptoms?

The adjective formed from простуда is простуженный.

— Как же ты лекцию читать будешь таким простуженным голосом?
— Ничего страшного, не в первый раз.
“How are you going to lecture with such a husky voice?”
“No big deal. It won’t be the first time.”

There are different methods of treating a cold. I can think of a few now that I remember from my childhood. I think the worst one had to do with garlic and onions. First, naturally, you had to eat a lot of garlic and then hold your head above a pot with fresh cut onions and breathe it in. After that the cold would most likely still be there for a few days, but all self-respecting people and/or vampires would choose to stay away... &#59;D

Here's a cute cartoon that shows other methods we treat the common cold with.

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