Russian Word of the Day

Рисовать/нарисовать means to draw or pаint. It is a perfectly standard -овать verb, which means that in the conjugated non-past forms the -ова- is replaced by -у- :

Sample sentences:

The noun form is рисунок:

Both the verb and the noun are used in the world-famous song «Пусть всегда будет солнце» "Let there always be sunshine." Just as in French you cannot live without knowing "Freres Jacque" and "La vie en rose," just as in Spanish you cannot live without knowing "La cucaracha," just as in English you cannot live without knowing "Oh, my darling Clementine," so in Russian it is absolutely essential that you know this schmaltzy song, without which you will an ignoramus and a hooligan... So click here for the text and a video of the song.

When I was a kid, every morning when I woke up I would go into the kitchen, and immediately my mother would say, "Good morning, sweetie, how did you sleep?", and I would answer "Good, thanks." Or Mom would say, "Good morning, honey, did you sleep well?", and I would answer "Yeah" or "Fine" or "Not so great" or "Awful. I couldn't sleep at all." The verb that the Russians use when asking about how you slept is the pair высыпаться/выспаться "to get enough sleep." It conjugates like this:

Some sample sentences:

One of the words in Russian that is translated as need is надо. It is used in impersonal sentences. Impersonal sentences are those which do not have a grammatical subject in the nominative case. The verb used with надо appears in the infinitive form, and the person who needs to do the action appears in the dative case. If you need to do something only once, then usually the verb appears in the perfective:

To put the sentence into the past or future, you add the words было or будет:

If you need to do something regularly, then the infinitive shows up in the imperfective:

Now here is a subtle point. If you use надо 'need' as a rough equivalent for 'it is time to,' then the infinitive appears in the imperfective, even if you are talking about a one time action:

Оканчание is the Russian word for ending in the sense of a grammatical ending. Memorizing noun and verb endings is probably the greatest challenge of the first two years of studying Russian, so it's worth getting a few phrases that help you discuss endings. The verb is оканчиваться, which is perfectly regular:

One way to say "to remove an ending" is «убирать/убрать окончание», and to add an ending «ставить/поставить окончание»:

The standard Russian word for yes is да and for no — нет. For the most part they work pretty much like we would expect:

Russian sometimes doesn't work quite the way we would expect, though, when answering a question that has не in it. Remember that не is often including in Russian questions to make the question softer, more polite. But if the question is in the negative in Russian, there must be a negative somewhere in the answer as well. Let's say you are in Russia waiting outside the subway station for a woman named Tanya. You've never met Tanya; your friends have arranged the meeting, and you have only a general description of her. You spot someone who sort of matches the description, so you walk up to her and say:

In such a case, when the woman says нет, she is negating the idea of being Tanya. That interchange makes perfect sense to the American ear. Now consider this version:

In this case when the woman answers да, she is confirming your spoken negative supposition that she is not Tanya. Notice that despite the да in the original, it sounds better to have no in the English translation. (An English speaker would never say “Yes, I'm not Tanya” in this context.)

If the woman turns to be Tanya, then the question can be answered like this:

In this case Tanya is denying your stated assumption that she is not Tanya, so she answers нет and then corrects you. Notice once again that word for word translation “No, I am Tanya” simply doesn't work in English.

Let's see a few more examples and note their translations carefully. Let's say you need to ask a Russian whether she speaks English. It may turn out like these examples:

Notice this carefully: although very often да and нет correspond to English yes and no, sometimes the grammar of responding to a question requires a negative in Russian where it makes no sense in English. A professional translation in such a context requires replacing нет with yes in English. People with limited language experience might think “That's a bad translation or a dishonest translation because it says the opposite of what the words actually say.” They would be mistaken. Sometimes what appears to be an opposite translation is in fact the best translation, as long as it communicates the original intent and informational content of the source sentence.