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Возможность

November 22nd, 2011 by Don

The Russian word возможность has multiple meanings, including chance, opportunity and possibility. It is a perfectly regular third declension noun:

SgPl
Nomвозможностьвозможности
Acc
Genвозможностивозможностей
Preвозможностях
Datвозможностям
Insвозможностьювозможностями

Very often the word is best translated into English as chance:

По-моему, завтра у нас будет возможность сходить в Третьяковску галерею. I think that tomorrow we will have a chance to go to the Tretyakov Gallery.
Я утром намеревался зайти в книжный магазин, но не было возможности. I had intended to go to the book store this morning, but I did not have the chance.

Sometimes the better translation is opportunity:

Если представится возможность, обязятельно сходи на почту за марками. If the opportunity presents itself, be sure to go to the post office for stamps.
Не поверишь, но завтра я встречусь с Леди Гагой. Не каждый день получаешь такую возможность. You won't believe this, but tomorrow I'm going to meet Lady Gaga. You don't have an opportunity like that every day.
При первой возможности перезвони Смирновым и узнай, когда они приедут в Москву. Call the Smirnovs back at your first opportunity and find out when they are coming to Moscow.

Posted in Uncategorized | 1 comment »

Проблема

November 21st, 2011 by Don

The Russian word for problem is проблема. It is a perfectly regular second declension noun:

SgPl
Nomпроблемапроблемы
Accпроблему
Genпроблемыпроблем
Preпроблемепроблемах
Datпроблемам
Insпроблемойпроблемами

Very often this word is used with a location phrase:

У меня проблемы на работе. I have problems at work.
У Тани проблемы в университете. Tanya has problems at the university.

It is also used with с + instrumental:

У нас проблемы с сыном. Он очень плохо учится. We are having problems with our son. He's a terrible student.
— Жанна, почему ты такая грустная?
— У меня проблемы с моим парнем.
“Zhanna, why are you so sad?”
“I'm having problems with my boyfriend.”
Боря не смог войти в систему. У него была проблема с клавиатурой. Boris couldn't log in to the system. He had a problem with his keyboard.
— У меня ужасный геморрой. Есть ли у тебя такая же проблема?
— Ради Бога, джентельмены не разглашают свои недостатки.
“I have terrible hemorrhoids. Do you have that problem as well?”
“Oh, for God's sake. Gentlemen don't advertise their ailments.”¹

¹Okay, this really isn't a common phrase in Russian. I stole it from one of the Batman movies. And недостатки is more like 'physical defects' than 'ailments'. But the original sentence is so genteel in English that I really wanted to produce something similar in Russian.

Posted in Uncategorized | 4 comments »

Учиться

October 4th, 2011 by Don

Today we will talk about the verb учиться:

Imperfective
Infinitive учиться
Past учился
училась
училось
учились
Present учусь
учишься
учится
учимся
учитесь
учатся
Future буду учиться
будешь учиться
будет учиться
будем учиться
будете учиться
будут учиться
Imperative учись
учитесь

I like to translate this verb as “to go to school,” and in that sense it is only used in the imperfective. You can use it to contrast going to school (university/college/junior college/etc.) versus having a job:

— Ты учишься или работаешь?
— Я ещё учусь.
“Are you going to school or do you have a job?”
“I'm still going to school.”
— А где ты теперь работаешь?
— Нигде. Я учусь на последнем курсе ветеринарного института.
“So where are you working nowadays?”
“Nowhere. I'm in my last year of vet school.”

The verb is used for asking what school you attend as well:

— Где ты учишься?
— В Московском государственном университете.
— А я учусь в Университете штата Аризона.
“Where do you go to school?”
“At Moscow State University.”
“And I attend Arizona State University.”
Клава училась в Профессиональном техническом училище. Claudia studied at a votech school.

— Где ты учишься?
— В школе № 8.

“Where do you go to school?”
“At [Public] School No. 8.”

Posted in Study-learn | 1 comment »

Кормить/накормить

October 3rd, 2011 by Don

The verb pair кормить/накормить means to feed or to nourish. It is a shifting stress verb with a perfectly predictable л that appears in the я form:


Imperfective Perfective
Infinitive кормить накормить
Past кормил
кормила
кормило
кормили
накормил
накормила
накормило
накормили
Present кормлю
кормишь
кормит
кормим
кормите
кормят
No such thing as
perfective present
in Russian.
Future буду кормить
будешь кормить
будет кормить
будем кормить
будете кормить
будут кормить
накормлю
накормишь
накормит
накормим
накормите
накормят
Imperative корми(те) накорми(те)

First off, you can use this verb to discuss feeding farm animals:

Я кормлю скот два раза в день. I feed the cattle twice a day
Накорми кур и потом принеси воду из реки. Feed the chickens and then bring water from the river.
— Я целое лето кормил и скот и кур и свиней.
— Ой, какая скука!
— Да нет, я просто люблю животных. Такая работа мне в радость.
“All summer long I feed the cows and the chickens and the pigs.”
“Oh, that is so boring!”
“Oh, no, I just love animals. That kind of work is just a joy for me.”

You can also use it for feeding people:

Местные жители кормили новых поселенцев всю зиму. The local inhabitants fed the newcomers all winter.
Родить детей — это большая ответственность. Их ведь надо кормить и одевать, а деньги на улице не валяются. Having children is a great responsibility. After all, you have to feed and clothe them, and money doesn't grow on trees.
— Анна ещё кормит ребёнка грудью. Говорит, что это очень полезно для здоровья ребёнка.
— В этом, конечно, она совершенно права.
“Anna is still breast-feeding her child. She says that it is really good for the child's health.”
“She's absolutely right about that, of course.”
Он вообще хороший отец. Он сам кормит ребёнка с ложки и даже готовит чаще, чем жена. He's a pretty good dad. He feeds the child with a spoon and even cooks more than his wife.

In the US in the past there have been various food scandals, including that ridiculous time under Reagan when ketchup was defined as a vegetable for school lunch purposes. Russia, alas, is also not without its school food scandals. Right now there is company called Конкорд in Russia that has roused the ire of Moscow's parents by providing miserly food portions for public schools. They are even accused of providing the kids with fewer calories than prisoners used to get in the gulags. If you'd like to see some pictures of the food and look over a blog that deals with the issue, just click here.

Posted in Verb pairs | 2 comments »

Грипп

September 30th, 2011 by Don

The word for flu in Russian is грипп. It is a perfectly regularly first declension noun:

SgPl
Nomгриппгриппы
Acc
Genгриппагриппов
Preгриппегриппах
Datгриппугриппам
Insгриппомгриппами

The flu is a pretty miserable experience, so let's document how to talk about our misery.

У меня грипп. I have the flu.
Мне нужно лекарство от гриппа. I need flu medicine.
— Я всегда лечу грипп водкой.
— А это помогает?
— Не знаю, но по крайней мере я чувствую себя лучше.
“I always treat the flu with vodka.”
“And does that help?”
“I don't know, but at least I feel better.”
По Москве ходит ужасный грипп. There is a terrible strain of flu going around Moscow.*

* For some dialects of English you could translate this as “There is a terrible flu going around Moscow.” In my dialect of American English it is ungrammatical to use the indefinite article with the word flu.

Posted in Medical conditions | 2 comments »

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